Foreign Policy Analysis Dersi 6. Ünite Sorularla Öğrenelim

What does Isolationism suggest?

Isolationism suggests that states would not want to get involved in political developments taking place outside their territorial borders (Barumoeller, 2010, 349-371)

What kind of a perspective do Isolationist states have?

Isolationist states tend to believe that their geographical location, power capabilities, and the nature of the terrain on which they sit would protect them against external threats. Countries which tend to pursue isolationist foreign policies generally believe that they are self-sufficient and capable of meeting all their needs on their own

When did  the United States pursue an isolationist foreign policy?

Since its establishment in the late 18th century till the beginning of the 20th century, the United States pursued an isolationist foreign policy.

What kind of points are shared in common by those who have argued in favor of isolationism since the early 1900s?

Those who have argued in favor of isolationism since the early 1900s till now share the following points in common. First, the United States has already been powerful enough to deal with each and every state that might potentially threaten core American interest. Second, pursuing an internationalist foreign policy line would allow others to free-ride on the United States. Third, the US would do well to focus its attention on internal problems rather than squandering its money, blood, and other assets for the benefit of others. Fourth, the United States is an exceptionalismcountry and its values are unique to itself.

How can North Korea be described regarding its isolationist policy?

Surrounded by powerful countries to its west, south, and east, namely China, South Korea and Japan, and ostracized by the US-led international community for long, Pyongyang feels itself extremely vulnerable to the outside world. The character of its regime and the meager power capabilities at its disposal do not put North Korea in an advantageous position vis-à-vis the outside world. Pursuing an isolationist foreign policy line seems to be informed by the strategic calculation that this is the most effective way of ensuring the survival of the totalitarian and authoritarian regime in Pyongyang

What does Internationalism suggest?

Internationalism assumes that states define their national identity and interests in such a way to underline the interests and identities that they share with others in common. Internationalism also holds out that all states sail on the same ship and they need to align their policies with each other in order not to lose in the globalizing world. 

What is the perspective of internationalist states?

From the perspective of internationalism, states think they can achieve their foreign policy interests through close interactions and cooperation with other states in the system. Countries which pursue internationalism as a foreign policy course also tend to believe that it is in their national interests to bring about a particular regional or international environment in line with their national priorities

What is the difference between liberal and realist internationalism?

Whereas liberal internationalism preaches for the formation of a community of states united around common liberal identities, values, and interests, realist internationalism is mainly about interstate cooperation on the ground of common foreign and security policy interests (Jahn, 2018, 43-61). Another difference between the two is that realist internationalists would define foreign policy as an exercise in the name of producing an impact only on the foreign policy behaviors of other states whereas liberal internationalism would go much further than this by putting the transformation of identities and values of other states at the center of foreign policy

What is the faultline within internationalism, particularly as regards the American foreign policy?

The faultline within internationalism, particularly as regards the American foreign policy, is between liberal internationalists and neo-conservatives. Liberal internationalists support multilateralism whereas neoconservatives are in favor of unilateralism. Liberal internationalists support democracy promotion through international organizations, diplomatic channels, and multilateral efforts whereas neo-conservatives feel comfortable with using brute force in promoting democracy

Which one of the American presidents can be regarded as neoconservative?

Ronald Reagan, George W. Bush, and Donald Trump can be considered as neoconservative in their foreign policy predisposition (Jervis, 2016, 285- 311).

Which event can be pointed as the best example of neo-conservative version of liberal internationalism in American foreign policy?

The change of Saddam’s regime in Iraq in 2003 through brute force and the adoption of democracy promotion as a security strategy in the post-9/11 era in the Middle East is the best example of neo-conservative version of liberal internationalism in American foreign policy.

What is the difference of Alliance relations to all others?

Alliance relations are different from all others in that members of alliances commit to each other’s security, survival, and territorial integrity and promise to come each other’s aid in case any of them were attacked by countries outside the alliance. Compared to all other cooperative engagements, alliances signify a much deeper cohesion among its members (Johnson, 2017, 736-745).

What is the difference between collective defense organizations,and collective security organizations?

Rather than joining collective defense organizations, membership in collective security organizations might appear a much more attractive foreign policy preference to many states. In such organizations, security is defined indivisible and this offers a great maneuvering capability to its members. Rather than defining a particular country or a group of countries as threats, membership in collective security organizations suggests that members are united around common principles, norms and rules as regards interstate relations.

Why is NATO a typical example of hard-balancing?

NATO is a typical example of hard-balancing in that members bring their material power capabilities together with a view to resist common external threats. Alliances of hard-balancing do also have organizational existence in that members establish formal institutional bureaucratic relations under the roof of alliance organizations.

How can neutral states be described in terms of their foreign policy?

Neutral states do not take sides in regional or international power competitions. They can achieve this through either isolating themselves from the outside world or trying to develop sustainable functional relations with many states.

How was Turkish foreign policy during the Second World War?

Turkish foreign policy during the Second World War can also be seen as an example of adopting neutrality as a foreign policy preference. During the course of the war Turkish decision makers did their best to avoid the possibility of being attacked by either side. Turkey took side of neither the axis powers of Germany, Italy, and Japan nor the allied powers of the United Kingdom, France and the Soviet Union.

How can power be defined in foreign policy?

Power is the ability of one actor to influence the behavior, interest, and identity of other actors in the image of its own priorities, preferences, and values.

What are the tangible and intangible sources of a state?

Tangible sources are those that can be quantified, measured, observed, and categorized. Such sources are military capability, economic might, geographical location, population, environmental factors, technological prowess, and etc. Intangible sources of power are those that cannot be easily observed, tested or measured. Values, norms, societal cohesion, culture, image, and identity are typical examples of intangible power capabilities?

What are the three different variables with respect to meaning and relevancy of the concept of power?

Three different variables matter with respect to meaning and relevancy of the concept of power. One variable concerns the will of actors to be powerful and influence the choices of others. The second variable is the capabilities of actors at their disposal. The third variable is the perception of the power seeker actor in the eyes of the actors that stand at the receiving end of this relationship

How can Status-quo oriented states be described?

Status-quo oriented states are those that are content with the current power configuration in the system and they do not aspire to change it. They are merely concerned with their existing status within the system and want to make sure that it continues. Their foreign policies most of the time begin and end at their national borders. They do not have an intention to see a new system emerge so that they would be in a much better, prestigious, or powerful status. They are generally risk-averse states. Rather than act, they react to external developments