Regional Organizations Dersi 4. Ünite Sorularla Öğrenelim

When did regional organizations start to have a considerable impact on global politics?

Regional organizations have started to have a considerable impact on global politics since the end of the Second World War.

When did the two waves of regionalism start?

There are two waves of regionalism. The first wave started after the Second World War. The second wave started after the end of the bipolar system.

What is "regionalism"?

“Political will to create a formal arrangement among states on a geographically restricted basis. Since its main participants are governments, it can be expressed as an artificial, top-down process.” (Hoshiro, Regionalization and Regionalism in East Asia, p. 2)

What do political organizations seek?

Political organizations seek to cooperate in political and foreign policy issues.

What is the aim of economic organizations?

They are established by the nation states with the aim of cooperation in economic issues.

What do security organizations aim?

Security organizations aim to protect member states from common risks and threats. Risks and threats can stem from inside or outside the region.

What is "old regionalism"?

"Old regionalism" is a type of regionalism in which states play the most important role. According to this approach, regions are considered to be fixed structures.

What is "new regionalism"?

According to this approach, Multiple actors, like states, business communities and NGO’s play the fundamental role in the establishment of regions. Regions are considered as not fixed, but constructed entities.

What does shallow regionalism represent?

Shallow regionalism represents a kind of regionalism that is based on cooperation among states.

What does institutional regionalism define?

Institutional regionalism defines deepening of the cooperation among states.

What is the attitude of regional organizations in the closed regionalism?

In the closed regionalism, regional organizations try to protect themselves from the competition stemming from outside.

What is the attitude of regional organizations in the open regionalism?

In the open regionalism, organizations are open to global competition.

How does Ernst Haas define integration?

Ernst Haas defines integration as follows:
• “the process whereby political actors in several distinct national settings are persuaded
• to shift their loyalties, expectations and political activities toward a new and larger
• center, whose institutions possess or demand jurisdiction over the preexisting national states.” (Haas, “International Integration”, 1963, p. 7)

What are the two groups of regional organizations according to their organizational structures?

Regional organizations can be classified into two groups according to their organizational structures. Some of them just focus on cooperation in certain issue areas, however, the second group of them integrate their policies by moving beyond the Westphalian understanding of sovereignty.

What are the two characteristics of integration?

Integration might involve two characteristics: pooling and delegation.

What is the concept of pooling related to?

The concept of pooling is related to the decision-making mechanism within the organization.

How are the decisions made in the case of pooling?

In the case of pooling, member states decide by qualified majority voting.

How are the decisions made in the case of delegation?

In the case of delegation, the decision making authority is transferred to regional organization.

What is spillover?

Spillover is spread of the area of cooperation or integration from one field to another. It is argued by functionalists and neofunctionalists that the direction of spillover is from technical fields to political issues.

What is diffusion?

Diffusion is the affect of an organization on institutional structure or decision making mechanism of another organization.