International Politics Dersi 7. Ünite Sorularla Öğrenelim

What are the factors that contribute to the formation of identity?

Culture, civilization and religion are among the factors that contribute to the formation of identity.

What are the factors culture comprises?

Culture comprises a variety of factors associated with a community such as shared language, shared belief systems, ethical codes, worldview, lifesytle and traditions.

Why is human agency a critical factor in the inheritance and adoption of a culture?

Human agency is a critical factor in the inheritance and adoption of a culture since the culture of a community is not biologically inherited but learnt from the older generations (Heywood, 2014, 235).

What are the three meanings of the term "culture" at the communal level?

Firstly, culture refers to the endeavours of both people and communities in the artistic and scientific fields such as fine arts, literature, civil engineering, etc. towards reaching a point of perfection. Secondly, the term culture is used to mark the products of these endeavours. While these products carry the distinctive features of the national or civilizational cultures they have been produced within, they are also currently regarded as sources of inspiration for the humanity in general (Fischer, 2006, 28).

Thirdly, culture is used to mark the common features of the communal life, and consequently highlights its distinctive features (Fischer, 2006, 28).

What is the general definition of the term "ideology"?

Ideology, in its general definition, is “a system of ideas that aspires both to explain the world and to change it”.

What is "cultural diversity"?

“Cultural diversity” refers to the manifold ways in which the cultures of groups and societies find expression. These expressions are passed on within and among groups and societies.

What is the brief definition of the term "worldview"?

Worldview is briefly defined as “a particular philosophy or view of life; a concept of the world held by an individual or a group” (OED, 1989). 

What are three classifications of sociological definition of religion?

Three definitions are classified as substantial, functional and family resemblance model definitions (Little, 2016).

What does substantial definition of religion attempt to define?

Substantial definitions attempt to define what a religion is or is not either inclusively or exclusively. Emphasis on the “belief in the supernatural” is the common feature of substantial definitions. 

What does the functional definition of religion focus on?

Functional definitions focus on the functions of religions in helping the members of a society to solve their problems or to guide them to live meaningful and purposeful lives.

What is the general definition of "civilization"?

Civilization, in its general definition, is “the stage of human social development and organization which is considered most advanced” (OED, 2017).

What does the expression "white man's burden" mean?

The expression of “White Man’s Burden” is based on the idea of the supremacy of the white race over other races. This perception puts a burden on the superior white race, namely the Europeans, to civilize other races which were colonized by European powers since the 15th century; and it was promoted by a range of prominent European politicians, soldiers and intellectuals such as Arthur de Gobineau and Rudyard Kipling.

What is "Industrial Revolution"?

“In modern history, industrial revolution is the process of change from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machinemanufacturing. This process began in Britain in the 18th century and from there spread to other parts of the world” (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2017).

What are the developments that had strong effects on the emergence of nation states in Europe?

These developments include colonialism, the emergence of bourgeoisie as a strong social class with demands, the struggle for power between the Church and the state authorities and the Industrial Revolution.

What is "secularism"?

Secularism is the seperation of religous institutions from the state.

What factors play an important role in the formation of national identity?

In addition to civilizational roots, religion, culture and many other factors such as ethnicity, a common past, the political system and geopolitics play an important role in the formation of national identity (Tekin, 2015).

What are the two ideological camps the world was theoretically seperated into following the World War II?

Following the World War II, the world was theoretically seperated into two ideological camps named as the Western Bloc led by the United States of America (US) and the Eastern Bloc led by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).

What are the three groups the countries in the world are divided into in terms of their economic development?

A classification in terms of their economic development divided the countries in the world into three groups:
First World (Developed Western countries)
Second World (Communist countries)
Third World (Developing countries including but not entirely composed of the former European colonies)

What is the definition of "globalization"?

Globalization can be described, in its narrow definition, in terms of economics as “an increasing internationalisation of markets for goods and services, the means of production, financial systems, competition, corporations, technology and industries” (UNSTATS, 2002, p. 170).

What is a "Civil Society Organization"?

As a non-governmental organization (NGO) refers to the organizations which are not established or coordinated by a government or any public institution, a civil society organization (CSO) is also an NGO. However, a CSO is also expected not to be attached to interest groups in the society which gather to secure or promote financial interests, e.g., business organizations. Consequently, NGOs with religious and cultural orientations or philanthrophic activites belong to the category of CSOs (Stivachtis, 2007, p. 15).