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Regional Organizations Dersi 4. Ünite Sorularla Öğrenelim

Classifications Of Regional Organizations

1. Soru

When did regional organizations start to have a considerable impact on global politics?

Cevap

Regional organizations have started to have a considerable impact on global politics since the end of the Second World War.


2. Soru

When did the two waves of regionalism start?

Cevap

There are two waves of regionalism. The first wave started after the Second World War. The second wave started after the end of the bipolar system.


3. Soru

What is "regionalism"?

Cevap

“Political will to create a formal arrangement among states on a geographically restricted basis. Since its main participants are governments, it can be expressed as an artificial, top-down process.” (Hoshiro, Regionalization and Regionalism in East Asia, p. 2)


4. Soru

What do political organizations seek?

Cevap

Political organizations seek to cooperate in political and foreign policy issues.


5. Soru

What is the aim of economic organizations?

Cevap

They are established by the nation states with the aim of cooperation in economic issues.


6. Soru

What do security organizations aim?

Cevap

Security organizations aim to protect member states from common risks and threats. Risks and threats can stem from inside or outside the region.


7. Soru

What is "old regionalism"?

Cevap

"Old regionalism" is a type of regionalism in which states play the most important role. According to this approach, regions are considered to be fixed structures.


8. Soru

What is "new regionalism"?

Cevap

According to this approach, Multiple actors, like states, business communities and NGO’s play the fundamental role in the establishment of regions. Regions are considered as not fixed, but constructed entities.


9. Soru

What does shallow regionalism represent?

Cevap

Shallow regionalism represents a kind of regionalism that is based on cooperation among states.


10. Soru

What does institutional regionalism define?

Cevap

Institutional regionalism defines deepening of the cooperation among states.


11. Soru

What is the attitude of regional organizations in the closed regionalism?

Cevap

In the closed regionalism, regional organizations try to protect themselves from the competition stemming from outside.


12. Soru

What is the attitude of regional organizations in the open regionalism?

Cevap

In the open regionalism, organizations are open to global competition.


13. Soru

How does Ernst Haas define integration?

Cevap

Ernst Haas defines integration as follows:
• “the process whereby political actors in several distinct national settings are persuaded
• to shift their loyalties, expectations and political activities toward a new and larger
• center, whose institutions possess or demand jurisdiction over the preexisting national states.” (Haas, “International Integration”, 1963, p. 7)


14. Soru

What are the two groups of regional organizations according to their organizational structures?

Cevap

Regional organizations can be classified into two groups according to their organizational structures. Some of them just focus on cooperation in certain issue areas, however, the second group of them integrate their policies by moving beyond the Westphalian understanding of sovereignty.


15. Soru

What are the two characteristics of integration?

Cevap

Integration might involve two characteristics: pooling and delegation.


16. Soru

What is the concept of pooling related to?

Cevap

The concept of pooling is related to the decision-making mechanism within the organization.


17. Soru

How are the decisions made in the case of pooling?

Cevap

In the case of pooling, member states decide by qualified majority voting.


18. Soru

How are the decisions made in the case of delegation?

Cevap

In the case of delegation, the decision making authority is transferred to regional organization.


19. Soru

What is spillover?

Cevap

Spillover is spread of the area of cooperation or integration from one field to another. It is argued by functionalists and neofunctionalists that the direction of spillover is from technical fields to political issues.


20. Soru

What is diffusion?

Cevap

Diffusion is the affect of an organization on institutional structure or decision making mechanism of another organization.


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