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International Politics Dersi 7. Ünite Sorularla Öğrenelim

Cultures, Civilizations And International Politics

1. Soru

What are the factors that contribute to the formation of identity?

Cevap

Culture, civilization and religion are among the factors that contribute to the formation of identity.


2. Soru

What are the factors culture comprises?

Cevap

Culture comprises a variety of factors associated with a community such as shared language, shared belief systems, ethical codes, worldview, lifesytle and traditions.


3. Soru

Why is human agency a critical factor in the inheritance and adoption of a culture?

Cevap

Human agency is a critical factor in the inheritance and adoption of a culture since the culture of a community is not biologically inherited but learnt from the older generations (Heywood, 2014, 235).


4. Soru

What are the three meanings of the term "culture" at the communal level?

Cevap

Firstly, culture refers to the endeavours of both people and communities in the artistic and scientific fields such as fine arts, literature, civil engineering, etc. towards reaching a point of perfection. Secondly, the term culture is used to mark the products of these endeavours. While these products carry the distinctive features of the national or civilizational cultures they have been produced within, they are also currently regarded as sources of inspiration for the humanity in general (Fischer, 2006, 28).

Thirdly, culture is used to mark the common features of the communal life, and consequently highlights its distinctive features (Fischer, 2006, 28).


5. Soru

What is the general definition of the term "ideology"?

Cevap

Ideology, in its general definition, is “a system of ideas that aspires both to explain the world and to change it”.


6. Soru

What is "cultural diversity"?

Cevap

“Cultural diversity” refers to the manifold ways in which the cultures of groups and societies find expression. These expressions are passed on within and among groups and societies.


7. Soru

What is the brief definition of the term "worldview"?

Cevap

Worldview is briefly defined as “a particular philosophy or view of life; a concept of the world held by an individual or a group” (OED, 1989). 


8. Soru

What are three classifications of sociological definition of religion?

Cevap

Three definitions are classified as substantial, functional and family resemblance model definitions (Little, 2016).


9. Soru

What does substantial definition of religion attempt to define?

Cevap

Substantial definitions attempt to define what a religion is or is not either inclusively or exclusively. Emphasis on the “belief in the supernatural” is the common feature of substantial definitions. 


10. Soru

What does the functional definition of religion focus on?

Cevap

Functional definitions focus on the functions of religions in helping the members of a society to solve their problems or to guide them to live meaningful and purposeful lives.


11. Soru

What is the general definition of "civilization"?

Cevap

Civilization, in its general definition, is “the stage of human social development and organization which is considered most advanced” (OED, 2017).


12. Soru

What does the expression "white man's burden" mean?

Cevap

The expression of “White Man’s Burden” is based on the idea of the supremacy of the white race over other races. This perception puts a burden on the superior white race, namely the Europeans, to civilize other races which were colonized by European powers since the 15th century; and it was promoted by a range of prominent European politicians, soldiers and intellectuals such as Arthur de Gobineau and Rudyard Kipling.


13. Soru

What is "Industrial Revolution"?

Cevap

“In modern history, industrial revolution is the process of change from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machinemanufacturing. This process began in Britain in the 18th century and from there spread to other parts of the world” (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2017).


14. Soru

What are the developments that had strong effects on the emergence of nation states in Europe?

Cevap

These developments include colonialism, the emergence of bourgeoisie as a strong social class with demands, the struggle for power between the Church and the state authorities and the Industrial Revolution.


15. Soru

What is "secularism"?

Cevap

Secularism is the seperation of religous institutions from the state.


16. Soru

What factors play an important role in the formation of national identity?

Cevap

In addition to civilizational roots, religion, culture and many other factors such as ethnicity, a common past, the political system and geopolitics play an important role in the formation of national identity (Tekin, 2015).


17. Soru

What are the two ideological camps the world was theoretically seperated into following the World War II?

Cevap

Following the World War II, the world was theoretically seperated into two ideological camps named as the Western Bloc led by the United States of America (US) and the Eastern Bloc led by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).


18. Soru

What are the three groups the countries in the world are divided into in terms of their economic development?

Cevap

A classification in terms of their economic development divided the countries in the world into three groups:
First World (Developed Western countries)
Second World (Communist countries)
Third World (Developing countries including but not entirely composed of the former European colonies)


19. Soru

What is the definition of "globalization"?

Cevap

Globalization can be described, in its narrow definition, in terms of economics as “an increasing internationalisation of markets for goods and services, the means of production, financial systems, competition, corporations, technology and industries” (UNSTATS, 2002, p. 170).


20. Soru

What is a "Civil Society Organization"?

Cevap

As a non-governmental organization (NGO) refers to the organizations which are not established or coordinated by a government or any public institution, a civil society organization (CSO) is also an NGO. However, a CSO is also expected not to be attached to interest groups in the society which gather to secure or promote financial interests, e.g., business organizations. Consequently, NGOs with religious and cultural orientations or philanthrophic activites belong to the category of CSOs (Stivachtis, 2007, p. 15).


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