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International Politics Dersi 5. Ünite Sorularla Öğrenelim

International Politics And Security

1. Soru

What were the reasons that the post-Cold War period gained prominence? 

Cevap

There were two reasons. First was the end of the bipolar international security system. It was assumed in the early 1990s that relevance of the system level great power rivalry was reduced, if not totally lost, in the explanation of interna-tional security issues. Second was the rise of security problems around the world
caused not essentially by great power rivalry, but by domestic state failures and regional inter-state disagreements.


2. Soru

What empirical data suggest similar to economic interdependence model?

Cevap

Similar to economic interdependence model, empirical data suggest that democratic peace argument is largely relevant to the relationships in the North, particularly in the relationship within the EU and between the US and Europe.


3. Soru

What has the nuclear balance provided?

Cevap

The nuclear balance has provided a relative peace and security between great powers. Economic benefits of peace is also of great value in the post-Cold War era. The Cold War came to an end between the US and the USSR with the domestic political and economic reform policy of the latter in order to resemble the former.


4. Soru

What did France do about the security guaranties of the US and NATO?

Cevap

France did not even trust the security guaranties of the US and NATO. It left NATO’s integrated military command structure in 1966, and developed and stockpiled its own nuclear arsenal independently in the years between 1960 and 1996.


5. Soru

What is the situation of US and China as an economic power in the world?

Cevap

The US and China as the biggest economic powers in the world are economically interdependent since both states are second and first trading partners of one another.


6. Soru

What do the Liberals think about the states?

Cevap

They think that the states are similar to individuals in that they are essentially unspoiled, unselfish, and conjunctive. States display this positive behavior in numerous ways, such as politics and economics, in wider scope of international politics.


7. Soru

What do international institutions mean for the Liberalists?

Cevap

For the Liberalists, international institutions are other key entities in having and further boosting international security. International institutions include IGOs, INGOs, and international regimes.International institutions produce four positive
results in obtaining international security (Morgan, 2013: 32-34).


8. Soru

What do you know about Realist Thinking on Security? 

Cevap

Realism provides a wide range of theoretical tools on security including its both Classical and Neorealist versions. Although many scholars argue that the time of Realism should be left to the Cold War era as it was then the dominant explana-tory tool, it is, in fact, not so, for two reasons. First, the Realism has still been offering theoretical and practical tools on state security, war and peace. Second, almost all of the rest of the theories on security have been in an effort to develop their perspectives on the critiques of Realism.


9. Soru

What are the main criticisms directed towards the Securitisation model?

Cevap

There are criticisms directed towards the Securitisation approach on various grounds.

First,  the Securitisation presents a strong subjectivist knowledge because it is exclusively a ‘speech act’ not having a direct correspondence to realities of external world (Dannreuther, 2007: 43). 

Second, there is always a blur distinction between the boundaries of political and security realms. The Securitisation approach inclines to set the security apart as a value, and divide the domains of politics and security (Ibid).

Third, closely linked to blurred distinction between securitisation and politicisa-tion, the process of securitisation can be abused to legitimise and empower      certain bureaucratic or civilian groups in power in a country.

Fourth, the Securitisation is a Eurocentric approach reflecting much of the concerns of postmodern implications of European integration process.


10. Soru

When did Cold War end?

Cevap

Cold War ended with the fall of Berlin Wall in November 1989 and the dissolution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in December 1991.


11. Soru

What does Waltz argue about nuclear weapons?

Cevap

Waltz argues that the more nuclear weapons the better. He means to put forward the idea that spread of nuclear weapons would repeat the stability experienced in the example of the relationship between the US and the USSR.


12. Soru

What is the relationship between identity and security in the Constructivist approach?

Cevap

The Constructivist approach, formed by imported ideas from sociology on construction of national identities, has put a deep influence in the analyses of security in international politics after the end of the Cold War. On the other hand, Identity is of key importance for the Constructivist view because it defines who the actor is and what its interests and preferences are. 


13. Soru

Why are the states the most important units/ actors in international politics?

Cevap

States are the most important units/ actors in international politics. (Terriff et al., 1999: 33-34). Inter-state actions create international system in which other actors, such as international institutions, cannot play as important role as states can. Thus, other actors rather than states have a secondary place in internation-al system.


14. Soru

How have many people and political figures in the developing world seen the developed North?

Cevap

Many people and political figures in the developing world have increasingly seen the developed North as a barrier, exclusive body, and discriminatory in the latter’s efforts to stop the flow of people escaping from poverty, violence, and prosecution.


15. Soru

What does Waltz mean by saying the more nuclear weapons the better? 

Cevap

He means to put forward the idea that spread of nuclear weapons would repeat the stability experienced in the example of the relationship between the US
and the USSR.


16. Soru

What does empirical data, similar to economic interdependence model, suggest?

Cevap

Similar to economic interdependence model, empirical data suggest that democratic peace argument is largely relevant to the relationships in the North, particularly in the relationship within the EU and between the US and Europe.


17. Soru

What is the relationship between the security and development?

Cevap

Security is a prerequisite for development, but development does not always provide security for many cases in the South and the North. Development brings about prosperity, stability, and cohesion, but it also creates inequality, social stratification, and individual and group estrangement.


18. Soru

How would you define security as a contested concept?

Cevap

Security is a contested concept not because it is difficult to define as a word, but because it refers to a situation in which there are numerous referent objects and actors being in a constant interaction.


19. Soru

How would you explain economic interdependence?

Cevap

Economic interdependence is one of the basic arguments of the Liberal school of thought. States having adopted free trade and worked for economic integration, are in a position of win-win with the states they interact in an interdependent
manner.


20. Soru

What are widespread poverty in the South caused by?

Cevap

Widespread poverty in the South are caused by various negative factors such as environmental degradation, lack of clean water, absence of enough energy, and so on.


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