Introduction to World Civilization Dersi 8. Ünite Sorularla Öğrenelim
The Sinic Civilization
- Özet
- Sorularla Öğrenelim
What is the oldest civilization in the world which is continuously in practice?
Sinic Civilization is the oldest one in the world which is continuously in practice for 4,000 years of the recorded history and another 1000 years of the unrecorded history.
Where is the Sinic Civilization’s territory?
The Sinic Civilization’s territory covers the territory between and beyond of two basins of great Yellow and Yangtze rivers, flowing inside of the borders demarcated by Himalayas (south), Gobi Desert (north) and Pacific Ocean (east), Kirgizstan and Uzbekistan (west). This territory is the third largest in the world (after Russia and Canada).
What are the four professional classes of the ancient Chinese society?
The ancient Chinese society is strongly hierarchical and is composed of four professional classes; scholars, peasant farmers, artisans, and craftsmen, merchants, and traders.
What are the 4 important dynasties in Chinese history?
The Chinese history is traditionally investigated through the accomplishments of 25 dynasties and several kingdoms. Among them four dynasties are the most important; Shang (founding), Han (education), Ming (isolation behind the Great Wall), and Tang (examination for administrative jobs).
What is the core of the Sinic Civilization?
The core of the Sinic Civilization is the ancient Chinese Civilization.
When do historians believe farming began in China?
Historians believe farming began in China about 7,000 BCE. The first crop grown was a grain called millet. Rice was farmed around the same time, and may have come before millet.
What is the importance of the Yellow River for the Chinese?
It is agreed upon by almost all Chinese people that the Yellow River is the structure of Chinese civilization, the spiritual home of the Chinese people.
What is the importance of the Yangtze River for China?
The Yangtze River [6,380 km (3,964 miles)] is the largest river in China. As the largest water system in China, Yangtze River is historically, economically, and culturally important to the country.
What was some of religious beliefs and the status of men and women in ancient China?
Tombs were found containing grave goods, which point to a belief in life after death in ancient China. There is also a ritualistic pattern to how the dead were buried with tombs oriented west to east to symbolize death and rebirth. Grave goods provide evidence of specific people in the village who acted as priests and presided over divination and religious observance.
The Yang Shao Culture was matrilineal, meaning women were dominant, so this religious figure would have been a woman based on the grave goods found.
How were Chinese rulers treated after their deaths?
The Chinese ruler was not a divinity like the Egyptian pharaoh, but he became an object of worship after his death, and sacrifices were performed to the departed spirits of both rulers and their wives. The royal tombs were lavish affairs. A large pit was excavated, provided with stairways, and a wooden tomb chamber was constructed at the bottom. The royal corps was surrounded with magnificent furnishing, including figured bronzes and pottery, marble statuary, and richly, adorned implements and jewels. After the funeral ceremonies, the entire excavation was firmly filled ground.
What was the role of 'hygiene schools' in ancient China?
An important aspect of Chinese religion, whether Taoism, Confucianism, or Buddhism, was known as hygiene schools that instructed people on how to take care of themselves to live longer lives or even achieve immortality. Hygiene schools were part of the temple or monastery. The priests taught people how to eat healthy, exercise (the practice of Tai Chi developed through these schools), and perform rituals honoring the gods so the gods would bless them with a healthy long life.
Who is the current spiritual leader of the Tibetan Buddhists?
The 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, is the current spiritual leader of the Tibetan Buddhists.
What are the five precepts that Buddhist ethics is based on?
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Do not take anyone’s life
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Do not take what does not belong to you
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Do not have harmful sexual behavior
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Do not tell lies
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Do not consume intoxicants
Buddhist monks and nuns, on the other hand, follow more than 200 rules of discipline described in detail in the Vinaya pitaka; some Zen Buddhist monks and nuns do not have to follow the vow of chastity or poverty (they can get married and work).
How were the ancient Chinese people classified in the ancient Chinese history?
In ancient Chinese society, the Fengjian social class structure of circa 1046-256 BCE gave rise to Confucian or Legalist scholars’ classification of the Chinese people into four broad categories. From highest to lowest social strata, the categories were:
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the Shi, or Gentry scholars,
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the Nong, or peasant farmers,
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the Gong, or artisans and craftsmen,
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the Shang, or merchants and traders.
When do scholars think Chinese writing originated?
It is not known when Chinese writing originated, but it apparently began to develop in the early 2nd millennium BCE. The earliest known inscriptions, each of which contains between 10 and 60 characters incised on pieces of bone and tortoiseshell that were used for oracular divination, date from the Shang (or Yin) dynasty (18th–12th century BCE), but, by then it was already a highly-developed system, essentially like its present form.
Traditionally, what kind of materials were used to paint on in Chinese painting?
Chinese painting has a rich history as an enduring art form and is well known throughout the world. Traditionally, Chinese painting is done on rice paper or thin silk, using a variety of brushes, Chinese ink, and dye.
What kind of dances were popular during the Zhou (Chou) dynasty (c. 1066–221 BC) in China?
The so-called chorus dances were popular during the Zhou (Chou) dynasty (c. 1066–221 BC). They were divided into two groups: wu dances performed by men and xi (hsi) dances performed by women.
When does the earliest Chinese literature that we know of probably come from?
The earliest Chinese literature that we know of probably comes from the later part of the Western Zhou Dynasty about 800 BCE (the same time as Homer in Greece) and was written on silk.
What does Yin-Yang describe?
Yin-Yang describes the two opposing and complementary fundamental forces, which are found in all things. The Yin is the feminine principle, the earth, the darkness, the passivity, and the absorption. The Yang is the masculine principle, the sky, the light, the activity, and the penetration.
Yin-Yang describes the two opposing and complementary fundamental forces, which are found in all things. The Yin is the feminine principle, the earth, the darkness, the passivity, and the absorption. The Yang is the masculine principle, the sky, the light, the activity, and the penetration.
What kind of material were mainly used in the ancient Chinese architecture?
Ancient Chinese architecture is mainly timberwork. Wooden posts, beams, lintels, and joists make up the framework of a house. Walls serve as the separation of rooms without bearing the weight of the whole house, which is unique to China.