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Organizational Theory and Design Dersi 8. Ünite Sorularla Öğrenelim

Organizational Culture And Ethics

1. Soru

What is culture made up of?

Cevap

Culture is made up of tangible aspects such as symbols and artifacts and of intangible elements such as values and beliefs.


2. Soru

What is Japanese miracle?

Cevap

After the devastation experienced by Japan following the 2nd World War, Japan’s reborn as an economic power found to be related to the Japanese management style. Globalization led to an increase in awareness and curiosity in the global west for the east. It was self-evident that Japanese miracle was mostly related to the Japanese cultural value system and its reflections within Japanese organizations. Other countries tried to understand and encapsulate these reflections for themselves, and hence the interest in the cultural aspect of organizations tend to strengthen.


3. Soru

What are the forms of symbols attributed to organizational culture?

Cevap

Physical Symbols

Slogans

Stories

Jargon

Ceremonies

Rites and Rituals

Code of Conduct


4. Soru

According to Peters & Waterman what are the distinctive characterisitcs of excellent organizations?

Cevap
  1. A Bias for action

  2. Close to the customer

  3. Autonomy and entrepreneurship

  4. Productivity through people

  5. Hands-on, value-driven

  6. Stick to the knitting

  7. Simple form, lean staff

  8. Simultaneous loose-tight properties


5. Soru

What factors triggered the increase of awareness about organizational culture?

Cevap
  1. Individualism and alienation
  2. Technically advanced production and the rise of service industry

    Machine bureaucracy gradually became less useful in managing people

    Innovative production techniques

    Japanese miracle


6. Soru

What is jargon?

Cevap

Jargon is a contextualized special language.


7. Soru

What dimensions is organizational cultural model offered by Terrence E. Deal & Allan A. Kennedy based on?

Cevap

The degree of risk & the speed of feedback.


8. Soru

What are the advantages of having a strong organizational culture?

Cevap
  • Differentiates organization from the others.
  • Members’ organizational identification is easy.

    Guides organizational behavior.

    Creates stability throughout the organization.


9. Soru

What are some examples of verbal expressions?

Cevap

Jargon/names/nicknames
Explanations/theories
Stories/myths/legends and their heroes and villains

Superstitions/rumors
Humor/jokes
Metaphors/proverbs/slogans Speeches/rhetoric/oratory


10. Soru

What are the steps for constructing organizational culture?

Cevap

Step 1:Founder comes up with a new business idea.

Step 2: Founder finds people sharing his/her vision.

Step 3:Founder and initial employees work her/his towards the realization

of founder's business idea.

Step 4:As organization grows and matures, new employees are recruited, initial values and founder's vision transmitted and hence sustained.


11. Soru

What are major ethical perspectives?

Cevap

Major ethical perspectives are the utilitarian view, rights view, justice view, and integrative social contract view.


12. Soru

According to Ouchi, what are types of organizations?

Cevap

Ouchi describes three types of organizations which are called Type J, Type A, and finally Type Z. As the names denote, Type J depicts features of the typical Japanese firm, on the other hand, Type A depicts characteristics of the average American firm. Type Z, offered by Ouchi, is the blended version of Type J and Type A in which suitable elements of Japanese firms are adapted to the US context.


13. Soru

How did individualism and alienation affect the rise of organizational culture?

Cevap

By the end of 1970s modern societies witnessed widespread diffusion of individualism that alienated people from the society. Lonely people searching for an identity celebrated organizational culture as a haven. Organizational culture allowed people to answer aching questions for raison d’etre! “Who am I, what is my reason for being in this world? what this organization stands for?” are all examples of questions asked and generally found an explanation within the concept of organizational culture.


14. Soru

What are the characteristics of type J organizations offered by Ouchi?

Cevap

Lifetime employment

Consensual decision-making

Collective responsibility

Slow evaluation and promotion

Implicit, informal control

Non-specialized career path

Holistic concern


15. Soru

What is organizational culture made up of?

Cevap

Organizational culture is made up of fundamental beliefs and assumptions, providing shared values that make being a part of an organization meaningful, and offers organizational members well- defined integrative patterns for expressing themselves.


16. Soru

What are the disadvantages of having a strong organizational culture?

Cevap

Makes mergers & acquisition harder.

Only attracts the same type of people thus diminishes organizational diversity.

Creates organizational inertia.

Decreases organization’s environmental adaptability potential.


17. Soru

What are the levels of organizational culture?

Cevap

Basic assumptions, espoused values, and artifacts.


18. Soru

Which type of organization pffers long-term employment?

Cevap

Type Z.


19. Soru

What are four quadrants of Cameron and Quinn’s model of organizational culture named?

Cevap

Four quadrants of Cameron and Quinn’s model of organizational culture are named as clan, adhocracy, hierarchy, and market.


20. Soru

What is subculture?

Cevap

Subculture is defined as groups sharing overall cultural values of the society but diverges from these groups by holding different values brought by their lifestyles, values, and norms.


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